Throughout Indonesia and Malaysia it sits right on the equator. There are some significant implications in the range included in the introduced range of the goldfish. The same source lists Laos as having a Tropical climate.(4) You can see how tropical of a climate their natural range reaches, less than 15 degrees from the equator in Myanmar, Thailand, and Laos. The CIA World Factbook lists China as varying from sub-arctic in the North, to Tropical in the South.(4) Their natural range includes the Tropical Southern region as well as Hong Kong and Macau. The red countries are the ones they have been introduced to and have established populations. The blue countries are where they are found naturally. The map below shows the natural and introduced distribution of goldfish in the wild. (including Florida and Hawaii), Vietnam, and Zimbabwe. The countries that goldfish have been introduced to and is now naturalized in (maintaining populations) are very numerous and include: Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Korea, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Thailand, Uruguay, U.S. The countries that goldfish are native to are: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Laos, Macau, and Myanmar. In higher temperatures they do not show these signs of stress and failure to thrive. This is not a case of goldfish simply tolerating higher temperatures than they are given credit for, they thrive in these temperatures just as well as they do in lower temperatures. These are species that when in higher temperatures show signs of stress such as reduced coloration, overall failure to thrive, and more extremes such as severe stress, illness, and death. This would include species like trout and white cloud mountain minnows. The increased temperature causes stress, failure to thrive, and can even kill them. Truly coldwater fish are species that cannot thrive in warmer temperatures. It is important to distinguish between truly coldwater fish and those who can thrive in warmer temperatures as well. has their temperature range listed as 0-41C (32-105.8F).
They are actually eurythermal, which means they can thrive in a wide range of temperatures. The myth part of this is that they can only be in cold water.
They can live in water down to the freezing point, as long as it stays liquid. This isn’t completely a myth, goldfish are definitely well adapted to temperate climates, commonly called cold water. This popularity makes it even more important to make sure that the information that is out there is accurate. Goldfish are one of the most common pet fish in the world and are prized for anything from a backyard pond or a child’s first pet to show quality goldfish worth hundreds and hundreds of dollars. With very little, simple research most should at least be seen as not as cut and dry as many books and people may lead you to believe. Most seem to be endlessly repeated without thought or investigation. There are many myths about goldfish and their care.
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